Phytochemistry and medicinal uses of the common food of mung bean (Vigna radiata)

Authors

  • Awadhesh Kishore School of Agriculture ITM University, Gwalior (M.P.), India
  • Jai Dev Sharma School of Agriculture ITM University, Gwalior (M.P.), India

Keywords:

Antioxidant, Medicinal value, Mung bean, Nutritional value, Phytochemistry, Vigna radiata.

Abstract

The seeds and sprouts of green gram (Vigna radiata), a popular food, contain ample nutrients with biological properties. This review offers an understanding of the nutritional worth of green grams and their sprouts, discussing chemical components that have been isolated in recent years, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, organic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Additionally, we also summarize fluctuating changes in metabolites during the sprouting process and associated biological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, blood pressure-lowering, lipid metabolism regulation, and anti-cancer effects, etc., with the aim of providing scientific proof for improved utilization of this commonly consumed food as a remedy.

References

Abdel-Rahman E-SA, El-Fishawy F A, El-Geddawy M A, Kurz T and El-Rify M N. 2007. The changes in the lipid composition of mung bean seeds as affected by processing methods. Int J Food Eng. 3(5): 1-10.

Amarowicz R, Żegarska Z, Rafałowski R, Pegg R B, Karamać M, Kosińska A. 2009. Antioxidant activity and free radical‒scavenging capacity of ethanolic extracts of thyme, oregano, and marjoram. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol. 111(11): 1111-1117.

Anjum N A, Umar S, Iqbal M and Khan N A. 2011. Cadmium causes oxidative stress in mung bean by affecting the antioxidant enzyme system and ascorbate-glutathione cycle metabolism. Russian J Plant Physiol. 58: 92-99.

Bellik Y, Hammoudi S, Abdellah F, Iguer-Ouada M and Boukraa L. 2012. Phytochemicals to prevent inflammation and allergy. Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery. 6(2): 147-158.

Bowles D J. 1990. Defense-related proteins in higher plants. Annual RevBiochem. 59(1): 873-907.

Cao D, Li H, Yi J, Zhang J, Che H, Cao J, Yang L, Zhu C and Jiang W. 2011. Antioxidant properties of the mung bean flavonoids on alleviating heat stress. PLoS One. 6(6): e21071.

Chau C F and Cheung P K. 1997. Effect of various processing methods on antinutrients and in vitro digestibility of protein and starch of two Chinese indigenous legume seeds. J Agric Food Chem. 45(12): 4773-4776.

Cherng J M, Chiang W and Chiang L C. 2007. Immunomodulatory activities of edible beans and related constituents from soybean. Food Chem. 104(2): 613-618.

El-Adawy T, Rahma E, El-Bedawey A and El-Beltagy A. 2003. Nutritional potential and functional properties of germinated mung bean, pea and lentil seeds. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 58: 1-13.

Espin J C, Garcia-Conesa M T and Tomas-Barberan F A. 2007. Nutraceuticals: facts and fiction. Phytochemistry. 68: 2986-3008.

Estomba D, Ladio A and Lozada M. 2006. Medicinal wild plant knowledge and gathering patterns in a mapuche community from North-western Patagonia. J Ethnopharmacol. 103: 109-119.

Fery R L. 1990. The cowpea: production, utilization, and research in the United States. Horticultural Reviews. 12: 197-222.

Golob P. 1999. The use of spices and medicinals as bioactive protectants for grains. Rome: FAO Agricultural Sciences Bulletin No. 137.

Hsu G S W, Lu Y F, Chang S H and Hsu S Y. 2011. Antihypertensive effect of mung bean sprout extracts in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Food Biochem. 35(1): 278-288.

Jom K N, Frank T and Engel K H. 2011. A metabolite profiling approach to follow the sprouting process of mung beans (Vigna radiata). Metabol. 7: 102-117.

Kanatt S R, Arjun K and Sharma A. 2011. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of legume hulls. Food Res Int. 44: 3182-3187.

Kataria A, Chauhan B and Punia D. 1989. Antinutrients and protein digestibility (in vitro) of mungbean as affected by domestic processing and cooking. Food Chem. 32: 9-17.

Kavas A and Sedef N E L. 1991. Nutritive value of germinated mung beans and lentils. J Consumer Stud Home Econ. 15: 357-366.

Kessler A and Baldwin I T. 2002. Plant responses to insect herbivory: the emerging molecular analysis. Annu Rev Plant Biol. 53: 299-328.

Kim D K, Chon S U K, Lee K D, Kim J B and Rim Y S. 2008. Variation of flavonoids contents in plant parts of mungbean. Korean Journal of Crop Science. 53(3): 279-284.

Kim D K, Jeong S C, Gorinstein S, Chon S U. 2012. Total polyphenols, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of different extracts in mungbean seeds and sprouts. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 67: 71-75.

Kim J H, Lee B C, Kim J H, Sim G S, Lee D H, Lee K E, Yun Y P and Pyo H B. 2005. The isolation and antioxidative effects of vitexin from acer palmatum. Arch Pharm Res. 28(2): 195-202.

Kirchhoff E. 2002. Online-publication of the german food composition table “souci-fachmann-kraut” on the internet. J Food Comp Anal. 15(4): 465-472.

Koes R E, Quattrocchio F and Mol J N M. 1994. The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in plants: function and evolution. BioEssays. 16(2): 123-132.

Kruawan K, Tongyonk L and Kangsadalampai K. 2012. Antimutagenic and co-mutagenic activities of some legume seeds and their seed coats. J Med Plants Res. 6(22): 3845-3851.

Kudre T G, Benjakul S and Kishimura H. 2013. Comparative study on chemical compositions and properties of protein isolates from mung bean, black bean and bambara groundnut. J Sci Food Agric. 93: 2429-2436.

Lai F, Wen Q, Li L, Wu H and Li X. 2010. Antioxidant activities of water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) hull with ultrasonic assisted treatment. Carbohydr Polym. 81 (2): 323-329.

Lambrides C J G I. 2007. Mungbean. Gen Mapp Mol Breed Plants. 3: 69-90.

Lawrence P K and Koundal K R. 2002. Plant protease inhibitors in control of phytophagous insects. Electron J Biotechnol. 5(1): 5-6.

Lee C H, Yoon S J and Lee S M. 2012. Chlorogenic acid attenuates high mobility group Box 1 (HMGB1) and enhances host defense mechanisms in murine sepsis. Mol Med. 18(1): 1437-1448.

Lee C H, Yoon S J and Lee S M. 2012. Chlorogenic acid attenuates high mobility group Box 1 (HMGB1) and enhances host defense mechanisms in murine sepsis. Mol Med. 18(1): 1437-1448.

Lee J H, Jeon J K, Kim S G, Kim S H, Chun T and Imm J Y. 2011. Comparative analyses of total phenols, flavonoids, saponins and antioxidant activity in yellow soy beans and mung beans. Int J Food Sci Tech. 46: 2513-2519.

Lee S J, Lee J H, Lee H H, Lee S, Kim S H, Chun T and Imm JY. 2011. Effect of mung bean ethanol extract on pro-inflammtory cytokines in LPS stimulated macrophages. Food Sci Biotechnol. 20(2): 519-524.

Li H, Cao D, Yi J, Cao J and Jiang W. 2012. Identification of the flavonoids in mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus L) soup and their antioxidant activities. Food Chem. 135(4): 2942-2946.

Li Z X. 1981. Experimental hyperlipidemia and artery effect of mung bean in rabbit. Chin J Cardiol. 3: 228-231.

Lin X X L H and Li W Z. 1997. The research of mung bean SOD oral liquid. Food Sci. 18: 25-26.

Lorensen E, Prevosto R and Wilson K A. 1981. The appearance of new active forms of trypsin inhibitor in germinating mung bean (vigna radiata) seeds. Plant Physiol. 68 (1): 88-92.

Matousek J, Podzimek T, Pouckova P, Stehlik J, Skvor J, Soucek J and Matousek J. 2009. Antitumor effects and cytotoxicity of recombinant plant nucleases. Oncol Res. 18(4): 163-171.

Messina M J. 1999. Legumes and soybeans: overview of their nutritional profiles and health effects. Am J Clin Nutr. 70(3): 439-450.

Min L. 2001. Research advance in chemical composition and pharmacological action of mung bean. Shanghai J Trad Chin Med. 5: 18.

Moumita P, Lal B and Mahua G. 2010. Comparative studies on physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of scented and non-scented strains of mung beans (Vigna radiata) of Indian origin. Legume Res-An Inter J. 33(1): 1-9.

Mubarak A. 2005. Nutritional composition and antinutritional factors of mung bean seeds (phaseolus aureus) as affected by some home traditional processes. Food Chem. 89: 489-495.

Pallavi K, Kishore and Tomar S S. 2022. Effect of different levels of phosphorous and biofertilizers on growth and yield attributes of the blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) in the Grid Region: Phosphorous and biofertilizers on blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). The Journal of Rural Advancement. 10(02): 49–58. Retrieved from https://jra.idtra.co.in/index.php/jra/article/view/7

Prokudina E, Havlíček L, Al-Maharik N, Lapčík O, Strnad M and Gruz J. 2012. Rapid UPLC–ESI–MS/MS method for the analysis of isoflavonoids and other phenylpropanoids. J Food Comp Anal. 26: 36-42.

Randhir R and Shetty K. Mung beans processed by solid-state bioconversion improves phenolic content and functionality relevant for diabetes and ulcer management. Innov Food Sci Emerg Tech. 2007. 8 (2): 197-204.

Randhir R, Lin Y-T and Shetty K. 2004. Stimulation of phenolics, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in dark germinated mung bean sprouts in response to peptide and phytochemical elicitors. Process Biochem. 39: 637-646.

Sarada Devi S, Tuppad P, and Kishore A. 2022. A review of the effects of phosphorus and sulphur levels on growth, yield, and quality of gram and beans. The Journal of Rural Advancement. 10(01): 19–28. Retrieved from https://jra.idtra.co.in/index.php/jra/article/view/33

Sawa T, Nakao M, Akaike T, Ono K and Maeda H. 1999. Alkylperoxyl radical-scavenging activity of various flavonoids and other phenolic compounds: implications for the anti-tumor-promoter effect of vegetables. J Agric Food Chem. 47: 397-402.

Singh H P, Kaur S, Batish D R and Kohli R K. 2009. Caffeic acid inhibits in vitro rooting in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) wilczek] hypocotyls by inducing oxidative stress. Plant Growth Regul. 57: 21-30.

Sosulski F W and Dabrowski K J. 1984. Composition of free and hydrolyzable phenolic acids in the flours and hulls of ten legume species. J Agric Food Chem. 32: 131-133.

Tham D M, Gardner C D and Haskell W L. 1998. Potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens: a review of the clinical, epidemiological, and mechanistic evidence. J Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 83(7): 2223-2235.

Tomooka N. 2002. Two new species, new species combinations and sectional designations in Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis (Piper) Verdcourt (Leguminosae, Phaseoleae). Kew Bull. 57: 613-624.

Vanamala J and Reddivari L, Yoo K S, Pike L M, Patil B S. 2006. Variation in the content of bioactive flavonoids in different brands of orange and grapefruit juices. J Food Comp Anal. 19: 157-166.

Wang M, Gillaspie A, Morris J, Pittman R, Davis J and Pederson G. 2008. Flavonoid content in different legume germplasm seeds quantified by HPLC. Plant Gen Res Charac Util. 6: 62-69.

Wang P F, Ye S Y and Rao X Y. 2004. Research progress on the biological activities and functions of mung beans. J Chin Insti Food Sci Tech. 1: 26.

Wang S Y, Wu J H, Ng T B, Ye X Y and Rao P F. 2004. A non-specific lipid transfer protein with antifungal and antibacterial activities from the mung bean. Peptides. 25: 1235-1242.

Wang S, Rao P and Ye X. 2009. Isolation and biochemical characterization of a novel leguminous defense peptide with antifungal and antiproliferative potency. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 82(1): 79-86.

Wang S, Shao B, Fu H and Rao P. 2009. Isolation of a thermostable legume chitinase and study on the antifungal activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 85(2): 313-321.

Wang S, Wu J, Rao P, Ng T B and Ye X. 2005. A chitinase with antifungal activity from the mung bean. Protein Expr Purif. 40(2): 230-236.

Wongekalak L S P, Jirasripongpun K and Hongsprabhas P. 2011. Potential use of antioxidative mungbean protein hydrolysate as an anti-cancer Asiatic acid carrier. Food Res Int. 44(3): 812-817.

Xu B and Chang S K. 2012. Comparative study on antiproliferation properties and cellular antioxidant activities of commonly consumed food legumes against nine human cancer cells. Food Chem. 134(3): 1287-1296.

Yao Y, Chen F, Wang M, Wang J and Ren G. 2008. Antidiabetic activity of mung bean extracts in diabetic KK-Ay mice. J Agric Food Chem. 56(19): 8869-8873.

Ye X Y and Ng T B. 2000. Mungin, a novel cyclophilin-like antifungal protein from the mung bean. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 273(3): 1111-1115.

Yeap S K, AliN M, Yusof H M, Noorjahan B A, Boon K B, Wan Y H, Soo P K and Kamariah L. 2012. Antihyperglycemic effects of fermented and nonfermented mung bean extracts on alloxan-induced-diabetic mice. BioMed Res Int. 2012: 1-7.

Zhang H M H and Cai H S. 1995. Discussion on study of lipid-lowering by traditional Chinese medicine. Lishizhen Med Mat Med Res. 6: 34-35.

Zhang J R. 1988. Detoxication drug in household. Guangzhou: Guangdong Higher Edu Press

Zhao Y R, Li Z W, Zhao C, Fu R, Wang X H and Li Z Y. 2012. Effects of recombinant mung bean trypsin inhibitor fragments on migration of colon cancer cell SW480. J Shanxi Univ (Nat Sci Ed). 1: 29

Zheng J X. 1999. Functional foods. Second volume. Beijing: China Light Industry Press.

Zhu S, Li W, Li JH, Arvin J, Andrew ES and Wang HC. 2012. It is not just folklore: the aqueous extract of mung bean coat is protective against sepsis. Evidence-Based Compl Alter Med. 2012: 1-10.

Downloads

Published

2023-10-01

How to Cite

Kishore, A., & Sharma, J. D. (2023). Phytochemistry and medicinal uses of the common food of mung bean (Vigna radiata). The Journal of Rural Advancement, 11(2), 102–116. Retrieved from http://jra.idtra.co.in/index.php/jra/article/view/69

Issue

Section

Review of Literature

Categories

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>