Effect of farmyard manure, nitrogen and phosphorus on productivity, growth, water use efficiency and economics of tomato production in Hamelmalo, Eritrea
Effect of organic and inorganic sources on yield of tomatoes
Keywords:
FYM, nitrogen, phosphorus, water use efficiency, economics, yield, tomato,Abstract
In Eritrea the average yield of tomato is meager as farmers usually use inadequate and inappropriate proportions of nutrient inputs; therefore, to develop a better understanding of nutrient management, a field experiment was conducted at the research area of Hamelmalo Agricultural College, Eritrea with the objective to determine the effect of farmyard manure (FYM) and chemical fertilizers on growth, yield, water use efficiency and economics of tomato production. The experiment was laid down in a split plot design with FYM as the main plot; nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) combination levels in subplots with three replications. The FYM treatments were 0 and 10 t ha-1. N and P combination treatments were 0%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of the recommended N and P dose. The recommended dose of N and P2O5 locally used was 120 kg and 80 kg ha-1, respectively. All the data collected were analyzed using Gen-stat software. The results showed that 10 t FYM ha-1 + 150 kg N and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 had a significant effect on tomato yield, followed by 150 kg N and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 alone. The water use efficiency of tomatoes was also significantly affected by the application of both FYM and inorganic fertilizers (N and P). The highest water use efficiency of tomato was recorded with the application of 10 t ha-1 FYM + 150 kg N and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1. Gross margin per nakfa analysis showed that applying 10 t FYM ha-1 along with 150 kg N and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1, was more economical.
References
Asgedom S, Struik P C, Heuvelink E and Araya W. 2011. Opportunities and constraints of tomato production in Eritrea. African J. Agricultural Research 6(4):956-967. [DOI]
Bairagya M D, Sarath K D. Maitra S. Roja M and Shankar T. 2019. Effect of FYM and vermicompost on yield and economics of rabi tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Int. J. Agri. Sc. 11(7):8190-8192. [DOI]
CIMMYT. 1988. From agronomic data to farmer recommendation: an economics training manual. Completely revised edition, D.F. Mexico. [DOI]
Biramo G, Abera G and Biazin B. 2019. Effects of dry bioslurry and chemical fertilizers on tomato growth performance, fruit yield and soil properties under irrigated condition in Southern Ethiopian. African J. Agricultural Research. 14(33):1685-1692.
Havlin J L, Beaton J D, Tsidale S L and Nelson W L. 2005. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers: An Introduction to Nutrient Management. 7th ed. New Jersey, Pearson Prentice Hall.
Heeralal S, Tailor S P, Kuldeep S R and Keshav P K. 2023. Effect of integrated nutrient management on the growth, yield parameters and economics in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) under Southern Rajasthan conditions. The Pharma Innovation Journal. 12(3):321-326.
FAO. 2013. Production year book. FAO, Rome. [DOI]
Sigaye M H, Lulie B, Mekuria R and Kebede K. 2022. Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization Rates on Tomato Yield and Partial Factor productivity Under Irrigation Condition in Southern, Ethiopia. Food and Nutrition Science. 6: 57-65. [DOI]
Mohit M K, Singh M K, Singh S P and Naresh R K., 2019. Effect of integrated use of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on growth, yield quality and profitability of tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) VAR. Pusa Rohini. Int. J. Agricult. Stat. Sci. 15(1): 57-66. [DOI]
MOA. 2015. Annual Report of Ministry of Agriculture, Asmara, Eritrea.
Negassi A, Tangnas B, Bein E and Gebrus. K. 2002. Soil and Water Conservation Manual for Eritrea. Regional Land Management Unit (RELMA)/Sida, Nairobi. pp. 3. Nigerian Typic Haplustult amended with fresh and burnt rice mill wastes. Bioresource Tech. 76:265-272.
Zotarelli L, Scholberg J M b, Dukes M D, Muñoz-Carpena R and Icerman J. 2009. Tomato yield, biomass accumulation, root distribution and irrigation water use efficiency on a sandy soil, as affected by nitrogen rate and irrigation scheduling. Agricultural water management 96:23-34. [DOI]
