Sustainable crop production in stress condition: strategies and management
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Abiotic and biotic stresses, climate change, genetic and management optionsसार
Stress in plants refers to external conditions that adversely affect growth and development and result in poor crop productivity. A wide range of environmental stresses reduce or limit the productivity of crops. These are two types of environmental stresses that are encountered by plants: abiotic stress and biotic stress. Abiotic stress causes the loss of major crops and includes salinity, flooding, drought, extreme temperature, heavy metals, etc. On the other hand, biotic stress is caused by attacks by various pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, nematodes, herbivores, etc., and plants are in nature; they cannot move from these environmental cues. Though the plants have developed different mechanisms in order to overcome these threats of abiotic and biotic stresses, they sense the external stress environment, get stimulated, and then generate appropriate cellular responses. On the basis of different scientists’ perceptions, it is expected that the stresses may show their severity under climatic change. Now, there is a strong need to develop tolerant crop varieties to overcome stress like salinity, drought, and waterlogging conditions. Therefore, to reduce stress problems, plant breeders, pathologists, and agronomists should come forward to mitigate these stresses, so according to the past publication, it is clear that in the future, research should be done on integrated methodologies to mitigate stresses so that sustainable production can be achieved
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