Pharmacological and formulation studies on growth hormone: in-vivo and in-vitro
##semicolon##
Growth hormone, Niosomes, Noisome, Pharmacokinetic data, Somatotropinसार
Human growth hormone (HGH), also known as somatotropin, Growth hormone is indicated in many diseases, like Prader-Willi syndrome, chronic renal insufficiency, Tuner syndrome, AIDS-related wasting, idiopathic short stature in children, and the accumulation of fat in adults with lipodystrophy. A number of carriers have been utilized to carry drugs to target tissues, which include immunoglobulins, serum proteins, synthetic polymers, lipid vesicles, microspheres, niosomes, etc. In this study, in-vivo somatotropin was estimated by ultraviolet spectroscopy, and blood plasma showed an absorption maximum at 214 nm. In-vitro preparation of niosomes by hand shaking method, reverse phase evaporation method, and ether injection method. The niosomal formulation of somatotropin has proven to be highly effective in inducing growth as compared to the existing marketed formulations of somatotropin. As a result, growth hormone can now be synthesized by Escherichia coli bacteria as a result of the successful application of recombinant DNA technology. Therefore, this hormone is now beginning to become available in sufficient quantities for treatment purposes. The niosomal formulation of somatotropin has proven to be highly effective in inducing growth as compared to the existing marketed formulations of somatotropin.
##submission.citations##
Brahmanakar D M and Jaiswal S B. 2018. Plasma drug concentration time profile. Biopharmaceuties and Pharmacokinetics. A treatise controlled release medication. 3rd Edition. Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi, Pp.335-347.
Rebenson J R and Lee V H L. 2009. Design of controlled drug delivery systems. Controlled Drug Delivery. 2nd Ed, Marcel Dekker Pp. 5.
Toadd J S, Modest L T, Rassow P W and Tokes A A. 2007. Toxicity. Biochemistry and pharmacology. 31: 541-546.
Vyas S P and Dixit V K. 2017. Colloidal carriers. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
st. C B S New Delhi, P. 648.
Khandare J N, Madhavi G and Tarnhankar B M. 2016. Sulient features of james. The Eastern Pharmacist. 379: 61-64.
Rothstein F 2010. Alenfall solvents, Harrison R.G (Ed). Dekker New Year PP. 115-208.
Kiwada H, Niimura H., Fugisaki Y, Yamada S. 2008. Reverse phase Evaporation Method. Indian J Pharm Science. 33: 753-759.
Stafford S, Baillie A J. and Florence A l. 2016. Multiple Memprare Extrusion Method Microfludization. J Pharma, Pharmacology. (Suppl). 40: 26.
Malhotra M and Jain N K. 2016. In-vitro Characterization of Niosomes. Indian Drugs. 31(3): 81.
Chauhan A S and Lawrence M J. 2018. In-Vitro characterization of Niosomes. Pharmacology Suppl. 41: 6.
Baillie A J, Florence A T, Hume L R, Head M, Regerson G. 2015. Osmotic Shrinkage. Pharma Pharmacology. 37: 863-868.
Roberts T J and Azain M J. 2015. Somatotropin treatment reduces energy intake without altering protein intake in pigs selecting between high and low protein diets. J Nutr. 127(10): 2047-53.
Allen P C, Danforth H D, Gregory S A and Comens-Keller P. 2011. Assessment of recombinant bovine somatotropin as an immunodulator during avian coccidiosis: immunization with living oocysts. Poult Science. 76(8): 1150-5.
British pharmacopoeia. 2011. Somatotrpin, British Pharmacopoeial Commission Vol. II. The stationery office. Pp. 1206-1209.
Resolw M and Willard H H. 2009. Starch micro spheres of human growth hormone. Journal of Natural products. 46(4): 602-605.
Sesalet M and George R P. 2007. The pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics and safety data of growth hormone preparation in growth hormone deficient child. Journal of Natural product. 49(4): 508-511.
Cook B, Loeb T, Howell W H. 2016. The pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, characteristics of growth hormone preparation in growth hormone deficient adults. Biochem J. 28: 4508-4514.
Hansen J A, Yen J T, Nienaber J A, Good band R D. Wheeler T L. 2006. Effects TL effects of somatotropin and salbutamolin three genotypes of finishing barrows. Growth carcass and calorimeter criteria. J. Animal Science. 75(7): 1810-1821.
Eppard P J, White T C, Sorbet R H, Weiser M G, Cole W J, Harthell G F. 2016. Effect of exogenous somatotropin on hematological variables of lactating cows and their offspring. J Dairy Science. 80(8): 1512-1591.
Moallem U, Kaim M, Folman Y Sklan D. 2015. Effect of calcium soaps of fatty acids and administration of somatotropin in early lactation on productive and reproductive performance of high producing dairy cows. J Dairy Science. 80(9): 21-36.
Polidori F, Sgoifo Rossi C A, Senatore E M, Savoini G Dell, Orto V. 2018. Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin and calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids on milk from Italian buffalo. J Dairy science. 80(9): 2137-2142.
Fernandez N, Jain C P, Vyas S P. 2019. Preparation and characterization of niosomes containing rifampicin for lung targeting. J Microencapsul. 12(4): 401-407.
